Cov yeeb nkab steel yog cov kav dej siv dav hauv cov khoom lag luam, thiab nws qhov zoo cuam tshuam ncaj qha cuam tshuam kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm. Yuav kom ntseeg tau tias cov yeeb nkab steel hlau ua tau raws li cov qauv kev cai thiab kev tshuaj xyuas kev siv dag zog, kev siv cov qauv txheej txheem, thiab cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Hauv qab no qhia txog cov qauv cov pa roj carbon hlau tshuaj kuaj xyuas thiab cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb.
I. Pom kev tshuaj xyuas
Cov tsos tshuaj xyuas yog thawj kauj ruam hauv cov pa roj carbon hlau. Nws feem ntau yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev kuaj xyuas lossis qis- power cart yuam kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov yeeb nkab nto rau qhov tsis xws luag. Tshuaj xyuas muaj xws li: nrib pleb, khawb, khawb, pits, corrosion cim, thiab weld zoo (rau welded steel yeeb nkab). Nto qhov tsis zoo tshaj qhov kev tso cai ntawm phab ntsa thickness kam rau kev zam txim, lossis weld expontinuarities lossis porosity, yog chij rau kev tsom xam ntxiv. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no feem ntau yog ua nyob sab hauv tsev nyob rau hauv ib qho zoo- lub teeb ci lossis hauv qab lub teeb pom kev zoo thaum tsim nyog.
Ii. Qhov seem thiab geometric ntsuas
Txoj kev ua haujlwm seem ntawm cov roj carbon steel ncaj qha cuam tshuam nws txoj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom sib txuas, yog li cov ntsuas hluav taws xob sib txuas yuav tsum ntsuas ntsuas. Cov khoom tshuaj ntsuam suav nrog: sab nraud ntawm txoj kab uas hla (OD), ID), phab ntsa tuab (wt), thiab ovrality. Cov cuab yeej siv uas muaj xws li Vernier calipers, micrometers, ultrasonic tuab gauges. Kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau noj tsawg kawg peb lub ntsiab lus faib tawm ntawm cov yeeb nkab ncig ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj axis. Piv txwv li, phab ntsa thickness sib txawv yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv xws li GB / T 8163-2018, "Seamless Steel Kave rau kev thauj cov dej," lossis API 5L, nrog kev zam siab feem ntau tsis pub dhau ± 10%.
III. Tshuaj Muaj Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Ntsuam Xyuas
Cov khoom siv mechanical thiab corrosion tsis kam ntawm cov roj hlau steel yog cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov tshuaj muaj kuab lom, yog li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj, yog li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov tshuaj lom neeg. Cov ntsiab lus feem ntau yog cov pa roj carbon (c), si), mnankas (mnc), xws li chromium thiab npib tsib xee, uas muaj). Raws li cov qauv (xws li GB / T 222 {- xyoo 2006), rau cov pa roj carbon ntau) lossis hauv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb (rau cov yeeb nkab tshwj xeeb). Phosphorus thiab leej faj txheej txheem yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis txwv (feem ntau tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.035%) kom tsis txhob muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm embrittlement. Kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev txiav cov qauv los ntawm cov yeeb nkab xaus thiab ua cov yeeb yam xaus kev nyeem ntawv lossis kuaj tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj lom neeg.
IV. Cov Khoom Siv Neeg Kho Tshuab Kev Ntsuas
Cov cuab yeej ua neeg kho tshuab yog cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv Tensile, cov khoom lag luam uas tseem ceeb, siv tau rau qis {}}}}}}} qhov chaw ib puag ncig).
1.Txoj kev kuaj: Cov qauv txheej txheem (xws li tag nrho - cov xaim hluav taws xob los txiav txim siab siv lub zog tensal (RP) Cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum ua tau raws cov qauv. Piv txwv, GB / T 8163 stipulates uas 20 # steel yeeb yuav tsum muaj lub zog tensile ntawm ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 24% {9} {9} {9}
Kev kuaj Hardness: Siv tus brinell (HB), Rockwell (HR), lossis vickers (HV) Cov qauv sib txawv muaj cov kev txwv meej rau kev tawv tseem ceeb; Piv txwv li, lub hardness ntawm seamless steel yeeb nkab feem ntau tsis pub tshaj 200 HBW.
3.Qhov kev kuaj mob: Rau qis - kev ntsuas kub (} - {degree
5. Kev sim siab
Nondestructive testioning yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov tsis xws luag (xws li cov kab nrib pleb Cov kev sib xws suav nrog:
• Kev Ntsuam Ultrasonic (ut): Tshawb nrhiav sab hauv qhov tsis xws hauv lub raj yeeb los ntawm kev xav ntawm high {{zaus s suab nrov. Nws yog qhov haum rau cov kav dej seamless lossis welded kav dej thiab tuaj yeem nrhiav qhov tob thiab loj me ntawm qhov tsis xws luag.
• Kev ntsuam xyuas hluav taws xob (RT): Siv cov yeeb nkab hluav taws xob los tsim cov ntaub ntawv sab hauv lossis kev tsis txaus siab (xws li tsis muaj kev sib cav sib ceg. Hom no feem ntau siv rau cov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm welded steel kav dej.
• Sib nqus partle kuaj (Mt): Tshawb nrhiav saum npoo lossis ze rau {{} qhov tob ntawm 0.1mm) nyob rau hauv cov hlau ferromagetic (ib qho tob rau ntawm cov hlau nplaum tom qab magnetization.
• Pentanet kev sim (PT): Tsim nyog rau tsis- Cov chaw seem, nws siv cov khoom nkag mus rau qhov tsis xws luag (xws li forging tawg). Hom no feem ntau siv rau cov yeeb nkab fittings nrog lub siab ua tiav.
Qhov ntsuas thiab kev lees txais cov txheej txheem rau tsis- Kev sim ua puas tsuaj yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov engineering specure (xws li ASME B31.3 thiab API 5L). Qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis tshua muaj feem ntau raws li qhov tsis xws luag, qhov chaw, thiab tus lej.
VI. Siab sim (hydraulic / cua siab): Cov pa roj carbon: cov roj carbon cov kav hlau uas siv tau kev ntsuas siab kom paub txog lawv cov kev sib khi thiab lub zog tiv thaiv. Hom xeem muaj xws li:
• Kuaj siab hydraulic hydraulic: Cov yeeb nkab tau ntim nrog dej thiab nias rau 1.5 zaug ntawm tus tsim siab (lossis tus nqi teev los ntawm tus qauv). Lub siab yog tswj hwm rau 10 {{{{4 {}} 30 feeb thiab pom rau txi lossis deformation. Hom no yog haum rau feem ntau cov pa roj hlau thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb heev thiab tus nqi qis.
• Kuaj Cua Makent: Qhov kev ntsuas no tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb uas hydrostatic kev sim siab tsis muaj peev xwm (xws li cryogenic media). Qhov kev ntsuas siab yog feem ntau 1.1 lub sij hawm tsim kev tsim siab, tab sis nruj nruj ib puag ncig tawg- kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau siv.
Thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas, lub siab yuav tsum tau maj mam nce ntxiv thiab lub siab -} lub sij hawm nkhaus kaw tseg. Tom qab sim, cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum tsis txhob qhia txhua yam pom tau pom, xau dej tsis txaus siab, lossis nrawm poob.
VII. Daim ntawv qhia zaum kawg thiab lees txais kev txiav txim siab
Tom qab tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua tiav, daim ntawv qhia tseeb paub txog kev pom, cov tshuaj lom neeg, tsis yog - kev ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm yuav tsum muaj: cov khoom siv nrog (qauv, tus lej), cov khoom siv thiab cov qauv siv, thiab xaus rau kev ua raws li tus qauv. Yog tias txhua qhov ntsuas tau raws li kev pom zoo ntawm kev pom zoo lossis qauv "(xws li GB / T 17395-2008 thiab API 5ls yog suav tias yog tsim nyog. Yog tias ib qho khoom tsis ua tiav kom tau raws li tus qauv (piv txwv li, ib qho kev xav weld tshaj tus txheej txheem), cov yeeb nkab yuav raug kho lossis hloov raws li qhov tsis xws luag.
Tag
Cov pa yeeb nkab tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem yog cov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev pom zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb, encompassing ib qho kev pom zoo ntawm macroscopic zoo rau kev nthuav dav. Nruj me ntsis kev siv cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas kom zoo rau cov kev pheej hmoo muaj peev xwm thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha rau engineering. Hauv kev xyaum, tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tau ua ntej yuav tsum raug muab kho raws cov qauv tshwj xeeb (ASME, thiab cov yeeb yam kom ntseeg tau tias kev tsim kho nruj.
